Up from the DepthsMalavika Karlekar THE HARIJAN ELITE By Sachchidananda Thomson Press, 1977, 29.00 VOLUME II NUMBER 5 September-October 1977 The author’s aim is laudable: a study of the elite among
the former untouchables or Harijans of Bihar. But who are the elite? To
Sachchidananda they are represented in a sample of 200 graduates in urban areas
and matriculates from villages. Further. the elite are drawn from ‘public
services and political and social workers.’ The politicians are legislators,
but we are not given any details on the nature of public service. Thus, the
elite would include equally the first generation literate school teacher in a
remote village as well as the seasoned legislator who has been wielding power
for several years.
The flaws in Sachchidananda's definition of the
elite is apparent: admittedly they are men and women who have escaped from the
shackles of their caste background. ‘In India’, he says, ‘... the most clear reflection of status
incongruence is the disassociation between caste status of the Harijan elites
and their class status’ (italics mine). But do those interviewed form a
uniform class—or for that matter, a single status group? Can a single lowest
common denominator, that is education, be enough to bring together individuals
in a variety of occupations and roles to form an elite? There has been enough
non-academic bandying around of terms like class, status and elites; the aim of
the sociologist should surely be to clarify and not add to the confusion.
The present study is mainly a survey of values
and attitudes of those in the age range from below twenty years to above sixty.
Given that it is only with Independence thirty years ago that untouchability
was outlawed and constitutional safeguards provided for the Scheduled Castes,
the views of the post-1947 youth are likely to be substantially different from
those of the pre-Independence era. Rather than allow for and analyse these
generational variations, all responses are treated alike. Nor are we given any
sex break-up of the sample. The findings are prefaced by dull notes on the
Chamar, Dusadh, Musahar, Pasi and Dhobi, the castes covered in the study. Not
only are some of the comments banal, ‘the houses of the Dusadh are built with
mud and thatched with straw. Some Dusadhs have made improvements ... and put
tiles on the roof’, but also comical: a pregnant Dhobi woman is ‘prohibited
from drinking water standing.’ These taboos no doubt have ritual and social
significance, but out of context ... Table of Contents >> |