--S.S. Raghavachar FUNDAMENTALS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY By P. Nagaraja Rao Indian Book Company, 1977, 195, 40.00 VOLUME II NUMBER 5 September-October 1977 Dr. Nagaraja Rao is well-known to the reading public in
Indian philosophy by his numerous learned as well as popular articles, reviews,
books and lectures. The present work offers a consolidated presentation of the
panorama of Indian philosophy starting from the Upanishads and culminating in J.
Krishna Murthy, traversing through the several great systems in-between. As
could be expected, it is readable and pithy. It is eminently valuable for a
beginner. The learned writer labours under the handicap of having some
celebrated predecessors in the field such as Hiriyanna, Datta and Chatterjee,
Sweitzer and Swami Prabhavananda. It is difficult to be outstanding in this
context but Rao has contrived to produce a handy and impressive volume.
The fine introduction of 20 pages outlining the
distinctive traits of Indian philosophy in general is followed by a brief
account of the Systems: Nyaya, Vaiseshika, Sankya, Yoga and Purvamimamsa. Then
we are introduced to the Upanishads, the Gita and the Brahma Sutras. The
accounts of the three Vedantic Systems, Advaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita
concludes the first part of the book. The second part outlines Indian
Materialism, Buddhism, Jainism and recent Indian philosophy of the 19th and
20th centuries. We have a good bibliography but neither an index nor exact references
to quotations.
Some remarks on the treatment may not be out of
place. Chronology is ignored with no obvious gain. Buddhism and Jainism may be
non-vedic but as powerful antecedents they condition all Vedic schools. There
is no logic in the allotment of space to the Systems. While Advaita, wrongly
called Vedanta without qualification, takes up 30 pages, Dvaita, a system no
less rich is finished off in 6 pages. There is no account of even the great
Saiva Systems, such as the Pratyabhijna school and Saiva Siddhanta. The
treatment of recent Indian philosophy lacks dimension.
The point of the principle of ‘Visesha’ in the
Dvaita System is missed, while the account of Visistadvaita is balanced and
accurate. The author identifies himself with the System being discussed at the
moment and exhibits rare empathy. His teaching experience as a professor for
several decades in many universities has made for prolixity and repetitiveness
in many places. His exposition of Advaita would have gained in effect by economy
and less of repetition.
Notwithstanding these criticisms, formal and
material, the work is of great value as it compresses a great deal of exact
information and abounds ... Table of Contents >> |