![]() Immanent and Context Transcending HabermasDhananjay Rai DEPROVINCIALIZING HABERMAS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES Edited by Tom Bailey Routledge, New Delhi, 2013, pp. x 248, Rs. 795.00 VOLUME XXXIX NUMBER 5 May 2015 Jürgen Habermas has been a sine qua non social theorist of contemporary times. Habermasian political
theory is one of the critical/crucial defences of modernity in the era of
absolute subjectivism and sheer positivism. Habermas defies time and space. His
‘universal’ is eternal and location free. His ‘self-emancipation of people from
domination’ (Held, 1995: 250) project replaces class-struggle for
‘communicative action’ while retaining ‘allusive’ vitality of Marxism to
exhibit dichotomy between lifeworlds and systemworlds wherein the former is
being eclipsed by the latter under the Capitalist mode of production. The new
vista of ‘emancipation’ is also updated by him concerning the ‘Frankfurt
School’ wherein ‘enlightenment’ is the pejorative epithet (Horkheimer &
Adorno, 2002). For Habermas, ‘the defects of the enlightenment can only be made
good by further enlightenment’ (McCarthy, 1990: xvii).
The modernity of Habermas generates after-effects in the form
of meta-categories like public sphere, communicative action and rationality,
international cosmopolitanism and postnational consensus and secularization
thesis. Due to the richness of his contribution, Habermas also confronts
three, inter alia, challenges or queries. Firstly, how far has he been true to
his genealogical philosophical premise which goes to Marxism/ Frankfurt
School? Secondly, is his political theory required in
‘subjectivist/individuated era’? Thirdly, is Habermasian political theory
really a universal theory?
The book under review explores the third query. It
plainly elevates his concerns to a global level by way of deprovincialization
i.e., turning it ‘universally inclusive’ in place ‘universally given’.
Interestingly, Habermas starts a similar query through Max Weber in The Philosophical Discourse of
Modernity. Max Weber while
conserving modernity peculiar ‘to the occident’, wonders its absence outside
Europe. ‘For Weber, the intrinsic … relationship between modernity and what he
called “occidental rationalism” was still self-evident. He described as
“rational” the process of disenchantment which led in Europe to a
disintegration of religious world views that issued in a secular culture. With
the modern empirical sciences, autonomous arts, and theories of morality and
law grounded on principles, cultural spheres of value took shape which made
possible learning processes in accord with the respective inner logics of
theoretical, aesthetic, and moral-practical problems’ (Habermas, 1990: 1).
The
present volume encompasses ten chapters asking the ‘Weberian’ question to
Habermas i.e., how is the Habermasian framework relevant outside the Europe?
Habermas faces several challenges due to sweeping claims of universality or
‘Grand Theory’. As Quentin Skinner ... Table of Contents >> |