A Culturally-Embedded Complex TextSomdatta Mandal Edited by Nandini Bhattacharya Primus Books, New Delhi, 2015, pp. 232, Rs. 1195.00 VOLUME XL NUMBER 4 April 2016 Gora in Bengali is considered to be
the best novel by Rabindranath
Tagore for its epic range. Though
written between 1907 and 1909 (when the
author was in his forties), the action of the
text is clearly set at least thirty years earlier,
in the early 1880s and takes into account
events that happened even earlier. If one takes
into consideration the moment of Gora’s
birth, then the action of the narrative should
be said to begin from the year 1857. The
novel is considered central to the nation question
because it captures the Indian nationalist
upsurge of the late nineteenth-early twentieth
century in all its tragic complexity. Gora
is produced in an awareness of Lord Curzon’s
proposed partition of Bengal and the consequent
crystallization of the Bengal-Indian
identity. The narrative evokes the image of a
beauteous golden Bengal and this evocation
also sustains the longing for its distinct identity
and the urge for an emancipated desh
(nation). At the same time the novel is
equally embedded in questions of religion,
modernity, and more particularly, orthodox
Hinduism’s negotiation with colonial
modernity’s ‘secular’ representations. It maps
the ideological upheavals within the Bengali
Hindu psyche, enunciating the first phase
of Young Bengal’s arrogant agnosticism, the
second phase of the emergence of reformist
sects such as the Brahmo Samaj, and the final
phase of resurgent neo-Hinduism that
asserts itself in an unabashed, aggressive
manner. It is also this neo-Hindu revival/resurgence
in Bengal that also shapes its nationalist
intent. Yet, Tagore’s narrative is resolved
by demolishing the very basis of any
firm identity position. In its broadest and
most humane of senses, Gora is rendered
‘foundational’ to India today.
The book under review revisits Tagore’s
text from perspectives as varied and interdisciplinary
as textual and genre studies; translation
and reception studies; narration, gender,
race and caste studies. The eleven contributors,
including the editor have assessed
the novel from as many different perspectives
as possible and thus give us a comprehensive
understanding of this complex yet
seminal text.
Gora was published serially in Prabasi
from August 1908 to February 1910 in 76
chapters and a conclusion. In April 1909, while twenty instalments of Gora had been
published and eight more were to come,
Kuntaline Press published an incomplete
edition of the novel. It contained the first
44 chapters till Lalita’s attempt to start a girls’
school at Sucharita’s house and its failure.
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